All praise is due to Allah, the lord of men and women
Last few weeks, I have been struggling with something and researching. Also, I have been observing the two extreme of this spectrum of men applying their desires on women. On one end of the extreme are the Muslim brothers who would insist on women being hidden under full garment and also out of sight of Muslim men. This includes separate rooms for women in Masjid and the houses. On the other end of extreme, are Muslim brothers who would insist on women allowed to lead Salat or at least seeking "equal rights" for women.
Interestingly, they both claim to be the flag bearer of the Sunnah of Muhammad ibn Abdullah (PBUH). So what is the true rights of women in this circumstance? Lets examine it.
Our local masjid, Islamic Center of Orlando, like many masajid, has a sperate room upstairs for sisters who attend Masjid for prayer and educational talks. However, women are not allowed to interact with Imam let alone with other men in the main hall in the Masjid. If a sister is on a wheelchair it will be almost impossible for her to get to the first floor. Also, if a woman had a question, they could not ask the Imam from where they are sitting.
Is this according to Quran and Sunnah? Does Allah wants women to be in this state of helplessness, where they have no way to participate actively in the masjid.
There is another person who struggled with this question like I did, and he was Umar bin Khattab (R.A.). He disliked women interacting with men and coming to masjid, and he even kicked out some women from the masjid because they were crossing the limits of decency, but he didn't create the first floor "prison".
Khawla bint Qays said: "We were women, in the Mosque [in Madina al-Munawwara], who may have mixed with the men at times and perhaps even flirted (ghazalna) and even harmed themselves in this intermixing; so `Umar said: 'I swear I shall make free women of you again.' So he brought us out (akhrajana) of the Mosque." Kanz al-`Ummal #23131 from Ibn Sa`d's Tabaqat.
We can certainly understand the best method to follow by reading about Umar ibn Khattab's life. Even Umar (R.A.) understood the order of the prophet to allow women to come to masjid. It is not for women to pray 4 rakat in a damp and dark room and go home covered in cloth from head to toe, without having any opportunity to interact during a mashwara, or annoucement, or talks. There is more to the masjid then just Ibadat.
Following are some verses of the Quran explaining how important women role is
The believing men and women, are associates and helpers of each other. They (collaborate) to promote all that is beneficial and discourage all that is evil; to establish prayers and give alms, and to obey Allah and his Messenger. Those are the people whom Allah would grant mercy. Indeed Allah is Mighty and Wise. (Al-Taubah 9:71)
Following are some ahadith where the companion struggle with the same question.
Narrated Ibn Umar: One of the wives of Umar (bin Al-Khattab) used to offer the Fajr and the 'Isha' prayer in congregation in the Mosque. She was asked why she had come out for the prayer as she knew that Umar disliked it, and he has great ghaira (self-respect). She replied, "What prevents him from stopping me from this act?" The other replied, "The statement of Allah's Apostle (p.b.u.h) : 'Do not stop Allah's women-slave from going to Allah s Mosques' prevents him." (Bukhari Volume 2, Book 13, Number 23)
Ibn 'Umar reported: Grant permission to women for going to the mosque in the night. His son who was called Waqid said: Then they would make mischief. He (the narrator) said: He thumped his (son's) chest and said: I am narrating to you the hadith of the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him), and you say: No! (Sahih Muslim Book 004, Number 0890)
Ibn Umar reported: The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: Do not deprive women of their share of the mosques, when they seek permission from you. Bilal said: By Allah, we would certainly prevent them. 'Abdullah said: I say that the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said it and you say: We would certainly prevent them! (Sahih Muslim Book 004, Number 0891)
Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Said that Atika bint Zayd ibn Amr ibn Nufayl, the wife of Umar ibn al-Khattab, used to ask Umar ibn al-Khattab for permission to go to the mosque. He would keep silent, so she would say, "By Allah, I will go out, unless you forbid me," and he would not forbid her. (Sunan Abu Dawud Book 14, Number 14.5.14)
If creating a separate room or having a partition for women was acceptable, Ibn Umar would not thump his son, because isolating women to a room or creating a partition will satisfy those who complained. And, yes, they had enough resources to make that happen. They did not do it, because, they knew that it will trample on the order of the Prophet (PBUH)
So, disallowing women from attending on the same floor, and from asking questions, is same as preventing women from attending masjid. For example, Dar-al-Uloom masjid in Kissimmee FL has neglected the women section, and frequently turn off air to it. It discourages women in that area from attending, and I have seen the situation of that room myself. Discouraging women by any means is same as not giving permission. Do we have more ghaira (jealousy) then Umar, or is it our ego, or is it our pagan traditions taking over?
Some try to explain the sunnah by saying that women were allowed to pray behind men in the same prayer hall, because level of piety was high among those people. If that is true, then why these ahadith are painting a different picture?
Ibn Abbas said: A beautiful woman, from among the most beautiful of women, used to pray behind the Prophet. Some of the people used to go to pray in the first row to ensure they would not be able to see her. Others would pray in the last row of the men, and they would look from underneath their armpits to see her. Because of this act, in regard to her, Allah revealed, "Verily We know the eager among you to be first, and verily We know the eager among you to be behind" (Surah al-Hijr ayah 24) -- this hadith is found in ibn Majah, Abu Dawud, Tayalisi, Baihaqi, Ahmad, Tirmidhi, and Nasai and it is judged SAHIH by Albani. He includes it as #3472 in his Silsilat al-Ahadith as-Sahih
Hadhrat ?aisha (Radhiallaahu ?nha) narrates that if Nabi (Sallallaahu ?layhi
Wasallam) knew what the women are doing he would have prevented them from
the Masjid just as the women of Bani Israaeel were prevented.' (Bukhari vol.
1 p. 120)
In reality, the fitnah existed since the days of Adam (PBUH), and Allah asked us to lower our gaze because the women will be in our line of sight. If women were suppose to be always out of sight, then this verse of Quran seems to be wasted, but we know that Allah's speech is free from flaw. It is absurd to try to reduce fitnah by preventing women. Aisha herself admitted that only the Prophet can change this order, if he was alive, but she knew this and every scholar knows this that Prophet's direct command cannot be disobeyed regardless of the new situation.
So, what I see here is men giving excuses, to keep the status quo, so they can follow their cultural values from Jahaliya, where women were nothing but property. Interestingly, men of Taqleed (blind followers) and free thinkers (Salafi etc) are both oppressing women by assigning them isolated quarters in the masjid and houses. This is a great pain for me.
Ibn Al-Jauzi narrated the virtues and merits of Umar bin Al-Khattab (Allah bless him) in the following words: Umar forbade the people from paying excessive dowries and addressed them saying: "Don't fix the dowries for women over forty ounces. If ever that is exceeded I shall deposit the excess amount in the public treasury". As he descended from the pulpit, a flat-nosed lady stood up from among the women audience, and said: "It is not within your right". Umar asked: "Why should this not be of my right?" she replied: "Because Allah has proclaimed: 'even if you had given one of them (wives) a whole treasure for dowry take not the least bit back. Would you take it by false claim and a manifest sin'". (Al Nisa, 20). When he heard this, Umar said: "The woman is right and the man (Umar) is wrong. It seems that all people have deeper insight and wisdom than Umar". Then he returned to the pulpit and declared: "O people, I had restricted the giving of more than four hundred dirhams in dowry. Whosoever of you wishes to give in dowry as much as he likes and finds satisfaction in so doing may do so".
In the above incident, a woman stood up in the masjid, and not only was present, but spoke, and not only spoke, but confronted a man, and not only confronted a man, challenged a ruling from the Ameer on an Islamic Sharia matter, not any Ameer, Umar, who was feared for his strong will and confidence. If the expectation from women was to act like sheep, then Umar would have stopped her and asked to discuss this in private.
Please explain it to me, How a woman in Islamic Center of Orlando can do the above today? By restricting this ability of women in the masjid, they are in essence are prevented from the Masjid, and the order of the Prophet (PBUH) has been disregarded.
Yes, preventing possible ways to sin is suggested in Islam, but not at the expense of opression of woman's right, where the order from Allah is clear to give permission to woman to "come to masjid" not "observe in the masjid".
In the rules of fiqh, Prophet's (PBUH) order can only be overturn by another order from him or Quranic verse. In this case no evidence of such exist. So, it is un-Islamic to create such isolated rooms in the masjid.
Actually, I understand the reasoning behind it. If we allow women to be in the same room, not all of them would wear proper clothing, and men will be distracted. So, men created this bubble inside the masjid, where they are not tempted, but that is like Ostrich putting head in the sand and thinking that it is safe. No, we can not live the double life. Men only club in the masjid, with a sober look and reading Quran in the corner, but a mix dinner party where cousins are in the same room. We should work on our piety and lower our gaze so we don't look at women in the masjid or out, and we should stop messing with the orders of the Prophet (PBUH).
On the other hand, there are some (possibly in the reaction of the first extreme) who swing to other extreme, where they insist on woman being allowed to be Ameer or Imam, or having equal rights. This is a form of oppression as well, because Allah did not create women for that role, and he mentions it explicitly.
"Men are the protectors and maintainers of women, because Allah has made one of them to excel the other, and because they spend (to support them) from their means.)" (Quran 4:34)
Asking women to try to compete with men in everything, or creating a perception that if women can not have the leadership, they are somehow lower in capabilities is completely wrong. Women excel men in many fields, and men excel women in some fields, but there is no need for them to compete in every single field. Of course, women have right to compete in any field, except where Allah has decreed otherwise. For example, a woman can not choose their husband's friend, but a man is allowed to choose wife's friend.
Some quote Queen Sheba's story to claim woman's right to Imamat. Queen Sheba was a non-muslim, and the laws were pagan laws where a woman was a Queen. Allah has given man a degree higher in the administration, and there is no room for debate. There was no woman selected by the Prophet (PBUH) to head any of the villages. He knew that people to come for thousands of years will follow his example, and he understood that woman's right need to be spelled out, but he did not make any example to suggest that a woman could be a head of state.
Narrated Abu Bakra:
During the battle of Al-Jamal, Allah benefited me with a Word (I heard from the Prophet). When the Prophet heard the news that the people of the Persia had made the daughter of Khosrau their Queen (ruler), he said, "Never will succeed such a nation as makes a woman their ruler." (Bukhari Vol 9 Book 88 #219)
Some thinks that this hadith is weak, but Imam Bukhari is well known to select authentic hadith, so someone has to prove that Imam Bukhari made a mistake, and it will be a pretty tough job to go against a giant like Imam Bukhari. It is possible, but not likely. Regardless. The Quran is very clear on this matter, so this hadith is an additional supporting evidence anyways.
So, Islam is the middle path between the extreme in sacred law like Judaism, where women are banned from congregation in fear of sin, and the extreme of Innovation like Christianity, where women sit side by side to men in congregation, in order to prove their equal rights. Islam provides the balance of "Equitable" but not "Equal" rights for women to protect them from either extreme of men desires.
The danger of these two extremes has been articulated by Imam Malik who is reported to have said, “He who practices Sufism without learning Sacred Law corrupts his faith, while he who learns Sacred Law without practicing Sufism corrupts himself. Only he who combines the two proves true.”
Furthermore, Imam al-Shafi’i is reported to have said, “A Jurist and a Sufi, do not be one without the other, for the Jurist [only] has not tasted piety in his heart, and as for the Sufi [only], he is an ignorant one, and how can an ignorant one ever prosper? I am, by the right of Allah, giving you sincere advice.”
Women are humans, and they are believers, and have the same right as men to use Masjid. It is not prohibited for women to interact with non-mahram men, unless they cross the limits of Allah. It is however, prohibited for them to have a physical contact when there is a possibility of desire, so women sitting arrangement should be segregated if possible, because there is no way to prevent physical contact without segregating the seating. That is exactly what having different rows in salat provides us.
"...And women shall have rights similar to the rights against them, according to what is equitable; but men have a degree (of advantage) over them. And Allah is Exalted in Power, Wise." (Quran 2:228)
Imam Ahmad recorded that Umm Salamah said, "O Messenger of Allah! Men go to battle, but we do not go to battle, and we earn one-half of the inheritance (that men get).'' Allah sent down,
(And wish not for the things in which Allah has made some of you to excel others). At-Tirmidhi also recorded this Hadith. (Ibn Kathir)
So, Allah has created rules for this world to test us, and made some of us poor and some rich, some men and some women, some handicap and some able. It is his will to create differences between sexes and it is his will to give a slightly upper-hand in administration to men, and give many allowances to women in return. Fighting Allah's word is not wise. If man is in charge in the house to make the administrative decision relating to family, it is only logical to extend that to community, since community is a large family. This slight upper-hand does not mean that men are better, but they just have a different role in this world. More importantly, these rules will not apply in the hereafter, which should be our goal. Regardless, Allah has clearly stated that men are to be the leaders, and all Prophets followed this.
I ask sisters and brothers to help me change this, so we can start following the command of the Prophet (PBUH). Don't use excuses like, changed times, Ghaira, and general indecency to circumvent the Sunnah. Sunnah is that women are allowed in the main hall of the masjid, and they can not be the head of the community.
In Islamic Center of Orlando, we can remedy this by allowing women to occupy left side of the masjid, with soft partition during Salat, and allow women to ask questions during the Tafseer on Sundays, and "Allow women to attend Masjid".
Yes! we can do this. We can segregate seating during the sunday classes, yet have mix gathering providing women to participate in the masjid, yet allow them to be seen by muslim visitor to our homes, if we allow women to go for grocery. Are non-muslim men more trustworthy then muslim brothers?
And Allah knows best.
JazakAllah Khairin
A feminist like Muhammad ibn Abdullah (PBUH)
Abu Arman (Adnan Jumani)